Laniakea: Our home supercluster

Dark Ambient Space Music: Through The Ergosphere by Simon Wilkinson

"Cosmos" Art Print, Acrylic Face Mount

modern artwork

BMCC - AST 110 - 4/5/2017 - Midterm Exam

1. The symbol “F” in the formula F = GM₁M₂/r² means the _____________.
   a) focal length, b) fusion, c) frequency, d) Fahrenheit temperature, e) force,
2. Angles: 1° + 60' + 3600'' = ______°;
   a) 3661, b) 1603600, c) 180, d) 10800, e) 3.
3. Right ascensions: 120^s + 58^m + 2^h = _________;
   a) 180, b) 180°, c) 3, d) 3^h, e) 3°
4. How many times atmospheric pressure on Venus is greater than on the Earth?
   a) 2; b) 9; c) 20; d) 90; e) 200.
5. Which terrestrial planet has greatest surface gravity?
   a) Mercury; b) Venus; c) Earth; d) Mars; e) Moon.
6. Which terrestrial planet has the longest solar day?
   a) Mercury; b) Venus; c) Earth; d) Mars; e) Moon.
7. How meny Mercury's solar days are in one Mercury's solar year?
   a) 0.5; b) 5; c) 50; d) 500; e) 365.
8. Which terrestrial planet has the largest volcano known in the solar system?
   a) Mercury; b) Venus; c) Earth; d) Mars; e) Moon.
9. Wich planet of the solar system is largest?
   a) Venus; b) Earth; c) Mars; d) Jupiter; e) Saturn.
10. Wich planet of the solar system has lowest average density?
    a) Venus; b) Earth; c) Mars; d) Jupiter; e) Saturn.
11. Wich planet of the solar system has the shortest solar day?
    a) Venus; b) Earth; c) Mars; d) Jupiter; e) Saturn.
12. Wich part of the Sun emits the radiation we see?
    a) Solar Wind; b) Corona; c) Transition zone; d) Chromosphere; e) Photosphere;
13. 1 light-year / 1 AU = ? a) 1; b) 63240; c) 1000; d) 6.32x10²⁰; e) 1.58 × 10^-5.
14. M☉ / M = ? a) 3'330.6; b) 33'306; c) 333'060; d) 3'330'600; e) 33'306'000.
15. R☉ / R = ? a) 0.109; b) 1.09; c) 10.9; d) 109; e) 1090.
16. Light travels from the Sun to Earth in about
    a) 0.8 s; b) 8 s; c) 80 s; d) 8 minutes; e) 80 minutes.
17. The mean distance of the Sun from the Earth is approximately ______ astronomical units.
    a) 0.1; b) 1; c) 10; d) 100; e) 1000.
18. Which statement best describes Earth’s approximate rates of rotation and revolution?
    a) Earth’s rotation rate is 15°/hour and its revolution rate is 1°/day; c) Earth’s rotation rate is 1°/hour and its revolution rate is 15°/day; d) Earth’s rotation rate is 24°/hour and its revolution rate is 360°/day. e) Earth’s rotation rate is 36.
19. Which layer of the sun has the highest temperature?
    a) core; b) photosphere; c) chromosphere; d) corona; e) spiral.
20. Why do the planets in our solar system stay in their positions?
    a) The sun's radiation keeps them there; b) They travel the same distance from each other; c) The sun's gravity keeps them in place; d) Friction with the atmosphere keeps them from escaping; e) E = mc².
21. During which phase of the Moon do we see the entire lighted side of the moon? a) new Moon; b) first quarter; c) full Moon; d) waning gibbous; e) electric blue.
22. Which term do we use when we are seeing more and more of the lighted portion of the Moon each night? a) full; b) waning; c) waxing; d) new; e) spiral.
23. How long does it take the Moon to rotate on its axis? a) about 25.3 days; b) about 27.3 days; c) about 30 days; d) about 2 months; e) about 1 year.
24. When do spring tides occur? a) during a new Moon; b) during a first quarter Moon; c) during a waxing gibbous Moon; d) during a waning crescent Moon; e) during a spiral Moon.
25. What is it called when the Moon is closest to Earth in its orbit?
    a) spring; b) neap; c) apogee; d) perigee; e) spiral.
26. The tilt of Earth's rotation axis relative to the ecliptic is responsible for the _________ we experience.
    a) seasons, b) years, c) days, d) rotational speed, e) rotational frequency
27. As the Sun crosses from the northern into the southern celestial hemisphere, we have the ___________.
    a) tropical year, b) vernal equinox, c) sidereal year, d) precession, e) autumnal equinox.
28. Starting from the ___________, which is all but invisible in the sky, the Moon appears to wax.
    a) full Moon, b) gibbous Moon, c) quarter Moon, d) new Moon, e) blue Moon.
29. The ___ Moon rises in the east as the Sun sets in the west.
    a) full, b) gibbous, c) third quarter, d) new, e) first quarter.
30. The Sun's light is not blocked by Earth at the full phase because the Moon's orbit is ______.
    a) circular, b) elliptical, c) inclined, d) incommoded, e) curved.
31. __________model of the universe has the Sun, Moon, and planets all orbiting Earth.
    a) Ptolemaic, b) Heliocentric, c) Copernican, d) Retrograde, e) Gravitational.
32. Planetary orbits are ellipses having the Sun as one _________.
    a) center, b) axis, c) gravity, d) focus, e) fireplace.
33. The average distance from Earth to the Sun is one astronomical ____.
    a) distance, b) unit, c) kilometer, d) light year, e) parsec.
34. To change a body's velocity, a ______ must be applied.
    a) acceleration, b) force, c) charge, d) mass, e) speed.
35. Every object having any ______ exerts a gravitational force on all other objects having the same.
    a) speed, b) acceleration, c) position, d) mass, e) direction.
36. The number of wave crests passing any given resting point per unit time is called the wave's _____ .
    a) period, b) wavelength, c) amplitude, d) speed, e) frequency.
37. Wavelength of peek emission ? 1/ ______________ .
    a) temperature in K°, b) temperature in F°, c) temperature in K, d) frequency, e) period.
38. The long axis of the ellipse is known as the ___________ .
    a) semimajor axis, b) perihelion, c) aphelion, d) eccentricity, e) major axis.
39. The _________ of the ellipse is equal to the distance between the foci divided by the length of the major axis.
    a) semimajor axis, b) perihelion, c) aphelion, d) eccentricity, e) major axis.
40. An imaginary line connected the Sun to any planet sweeps out equal ____ of the ellipse in equal intervals of time.
    a) lengths, b) areas, c) volumes, d) angles, e) pieces.
41. The planet's _________ is its point of closest approach to the Sun.
    a) perihelion, b) aphelion, c) eccentricity, d) equinox, e) summer solstice.
42. The square of a planet's orbital period is proportional to the _____ of its semimajor axis.
    a) length, b) size, c) cube, d) sphere, e) square.
43. The orbital semimajor axis of the _______ is equal about 5 AU.
    a) Mercury, b) Venus, c) Earth, d) Mars, e) Jupiter.
44. If P is the Saturn's sidereal orbital period in Earth years and a is its semimajor axis in astronomical units then the calculation of the ratio ______ gives the numerical result about 1.a)P/a                 b) P³/a²                  c) P³/a                d) P²/a³                   e) P/a³
45. If the distance between to object is increased 3 times then the gravity attraction of this bodies to each other is ___________.
    a) decreased 9 times, b) decreased 3 times, c) increased 3 times, d) increased 9 times,
    e) decreased 2 times.
46. Which terrestrial planet has the hotest surface temperature?
    a) Mercury; b) Venus; c) Earth; d) Mars; e) Moon.
47. Which terrestrial planet is in the retrograde rotation?
    a) Mercury; b) Venus; c) Earth; d) Mars; e) Moon.
48. The Sun’s energy output is fueled by the fusion of __________ into helium.
    a) nucleus; b) mercury; c) hydrogen; d) calcium; e) oxygen
49. Which of the following have an icy composition?
    a) stars; b) planets; c) comets; d) asteroids; e) moons.
50. Which layer of the sun is only seen during a total solar eclipse?
    a) core; b) photosphere; c) corona; d) convective zone; e) time zone.

Music: John Murphy - Sunshine

Inner Planets

The inner planets. From left to right: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars and terrestrial dwarf planet, Ceres (sizes to scale)

General Astronomy. Quiz 5

Student Last Name____________First Name_________Date/__/__/______

1. The planets of our solar system all orbit the Sun (how?)_______________, as viewed from above Earth’s North Pole.
2. The inner terrestrial planets – Mercury, _______________, Earth, Mars – are all of comparable density and generally ____________________.
3. The outer jovian planets – Jupiter, _____________, Uranus, and Neptune - have much lower densities and are composed mostly of gaseous or liquid ______________ and helium.
4. The smallest (by the mass) terrestrial planet is _______________.
5. The terrestrial planet ____________has largest for terrestrial platens orbital period.
6. One Orbital Period of the planet ___________________is equal about 30 Earth Years.
7. Radius of Sun is equal about ____________ Earth Radii.
8. Average density of comet Hale-Bopp is __________kg/m³
9. In Solar system the Planet ____________ has largest number of known Moons.
10. Traveling in a highly elliptical orbit, a comet brightens and develops an extended _ _ _ _ as in nears the Sun.
11. To compute the object’s size (actual diameter), we note that the ratio of its actual diameter to the circumference of the circle (2π times the distance to the object) must be equal to the ratio of the observed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ diameter to one full revolution, 360ᵒ.
12. Let the object’s angular diameter is measured to be about 0.573ᵒ, and the distance to the object is 1 thousand kilometers. The actual diameter of this object is ________km.
13. The density is computed by dividing the object’s mass by its ___________.
14. The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ belt is the circumstellar disc in the Solar System located roughly between the orbits of the planets Mars and Jupiter. It is occupied by numerous irregularly shaped bodies called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ or minor planets.
15. A few hundred _ _ _ _ _ _ asteroids share an orbit with Jupiter.
16. The solar _ _ _ _ is a stream of charged particles released from the upper atmosphere of the Sun.
17. The _ _ _ _ Cloud is an extended shell of icy objects that exist in the outermost reaches of the solar system.
18. _ _ _ _ _ _ is a small body of matter from outer space that enters the earth's atmosphere, becoming incandescent as a result of friction and appearing as a streak of light.
19. A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is a solid piece of debris from an object, such as a comet, asteroid, or meteoroid, that originates in outer space and survives its passage through the Earth's atmosphere and impact with the Earth's surface.
20. A _ _ _ _ _ _ is an interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen, helium and other ionized gases.
21. In astrophysics, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is the accumulation of particles into a massive object by gravitationally attracting more matter, typically gaseous matter, in an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ disk.
22. An angular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is proportional to (mass) х (rotation rate) х (radius)²
23. The _ _ _ _ _ _ belt is a circumstellar disc in the Solar System beyond the planets, extending from the orbit of Neptune (at 30 AU) to approximately 50 AU from the Sun.
24. An _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is a planet that orbits a star other than the Sun.
25. The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ zone is the region around a star where a planet would be warm enough to have liquid water and cool enough to keep it from evaporating away.